Translation in prokaryotes

Translation is a term referred to the synthesis of protein within the living body. Livings are of two types i-e Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes. Prokaryotes have the simplest structure, so have the simple protein synthesis machinery. In prokaryotes, translation needs

• mRNA
• Ribosomal subunits ( 30s+ 50s = 70s )
• tRNA (charged with amino acid)
• Some other proteins (such as factors involved)
• GTP

In prokaryotes, transcription and translation occur simultaneously as there is no definite nuclear membrane. There are 3 main stages involved

1.  Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination

Initiation: It is the phase where mRNA bound to 30s subunit of a ribosome and charged tRNA find its complementary sequence on mRNA and binds to it. Then 50s subunit binds with small subunit. It results in the formation of initiation complex as several other factors are also involved.
Elongation:  In this stage formation of a peptide bond between amino acid on tRNA and translocation occurs.
Termination: In this phase elongation stop with the help of STOP codon which does not specify for any amino acid and stops protein formation with the release of the polypeptide chain and all other factors.